A Day For Celebrating The Nation s Freedom - 928 Words

Carter introduced his definition of what it meant to have integrity in â€Å"The Rules about the Rules† Integrity can have so many meaning to the word, so can the meanings of freedom, equality and what it means to be an American. July forth, 1776 Thomas Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence, He proclaimed that all men are created equal. And to this came the big debate as to what it’s meant to be an American, have freedom and live equally among other Americans. July fifth, 1852, sum seventy six years later, Frederick Douglass addresses the public after the day of what today is called Fourth of July, a day for celebrating the nation’s freedom; criticizing so called American for enslaving colored people and the abused that went along with it. He called it a day for mourning, a harsh reminder that even though Negros were Americans living in America, they weren’t treated as so, contradicting the Declaration of Independence, that all Americans do not live by the thought that all men were created equal. 1963, one hundred and eleven years after Douglass’s speech came Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† written after being arrested for what he calls a peaceful protest. Protesting integration, he too felt that even though after many years of blacks fighting for their rights; because of Jefferson’s alleged â€Å"all men are created equal† they were still being treated as the clergyman stated â€Å"outsiders†. King, a father, minister and activist uses this letter toShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Celebrating June 4th Say About Americans?964 Words   |  4 PagesHead: What Does Celebrating July 4th Say About Americans? 1 2 What Does Celebrating July 4th Say About Americans? What Does Celebrating July 4th Say About Americans? Baylee Vaughn Butler Community College Abstract If the accepted definition of Symbolic interactionism is ?a school of thought in sociology that explains social behavior in terms of how people interact with each other via symbols? (Chegg.com) then celebrating the 4th of JulyRead MoreWhat Does Celebrating June 4th Say About Americans?964 Words   |  4 PagesHead: What Does Celebrating July 4th Say About Americans? 1 2 What Does Celebrating July 4th Say About Americans? What Does Celebrating July 4th Say About Americans? Baylee Vaughn Butler Community College Abstract If the accepted definition of Symbolic interactionism is ?a school of thought in sociology that explains social behavior in terms of how people interact with each other via symbols? (Chegg.com) then celebrating the 4th of JulyRead MoreThe World War II And The Nazi Party Of Germany Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesFurther Than Loyalty Are you loyal to your own land and country, to a point that you will indifferently oppose other land s and nations beliefs, way of life, traditions, and so on. According to Webster (2014), nationalism means showing complete support and faithfulness towards a nation, even though showing nationalism intend to go against other nations. Miscevic (2001) describes the word nationalism in two marvelous ideas. First, it is the way the elements of a country are thoughtful and mindfulRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Prominent African American Social Reformer1127 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican social reformer in the 1800’s. Frederick Douglass’s work includes 1,000 of speeches and autobiographies throughout his quest for reform. Douglass escaped slavery at the young age of 20 years old. He went on to spread his voice on social justice through a long profound, powerful, and influential career. Frederick Douglass’s famous Fourth of July speech has caused much criticism over the years. Douglass believed that on a day when white Americans were celebrating the slaves and former slaves wereRead MoreEssay on It’s Time to Put The Independence Back In Independence Day798 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s Time to Put The Independence Back In Independence Day â€Å"Jefferson and Washington fought a war for the principle of independence, meaning the moral right of an individual to live his own life as he sees fit.† - Michael S. Berliner Every Fourth of July Americas cities and towns fill with parades and fireworks, celebrating the Fourth of July, the birthday of America. But one hopes that--on the next Independence Day--the speeches will contain fewer bromides and more attention to exactlyRead MoreMartin Luther King s Speech932 Words   |  4 Pages(King) Speech made by Martin Luther King, shows significant passion for freedom and for a future among different nationality. What To The Slave Is The 4th Of July?† (Douglass) Speech made by Fredrick Douglass expressed his will to make a difference in the world, before slavery was abolished by Abraham Lincoln. Both were striking speech on discrimination. Slavery was present in the beginning years of our great nation of the United States of America. Slavery has tarnished America’s past withRead More Christmas as a Federal Holiday Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe most collectively celebrated holiday of the year is undeniably December 25th, Christmas. Most people acknowledge that the â€Å"Christ† in Christmas is representative of Jesus Christ, Son of God, and for Christians, the day is set aside as a celebration of his birth. Many people in the United States (and world) however, either do not believe in the Christian view of Christmas, have different non-Christian religious beliefs or celebrate for other reasons, if at all. Because of the multi-culturalRead MoreA Tryst with Destiny753 Words   |  4 PagesIndia, speaks these words of poetry and sends India into its first day of freedom. The speech Prime Minister Nehru gives in August 1947, which makes India a country of its own and frees it from the English rule. This speech differs from so many others speeches given by prime ministers all over the world, because Nehru does not bring that many political factors into it. In fact this speech seems more like a piece of poetry celebrating India as land of beauty and its people capable of standing unitedRead MoreCorruption Of Democracy : America s Democracy1214 Words   |  5 PagesToday, our nation s democracy is unarguably only alive on a small scale. Much of America s population, does not uphold a civic role that consistently supplements a successful democracy. Corruption of democracy stems directly from Americans not being able to actively take responsibility for their own society or their own futures. As a result of individuals lacking responsibility in various ways, flaws in our society continue to define everything we are as part of America. Everyone in the coun tryRead MoreFrederick Douglas s The Declaration Of Independence928 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4th is the day celebrated when America gained declared independence from Great Britain. It’s been celebrated every year as a country since the adoption of the Declaration of Independence since 1776. In 1852, the 5th of July, Frederick Douglas was asked to speak in front of northern abolitionists in New York of the holiday and the subject of independence and freedom. Frederick Douglas would be the ideal person to speak about freedom. At the time in 1850’s he was an African American man who had

Homelessness Is A Major Topic Affecting The United States...

Abstract Homelessness is a major topic affecting the United States and other parts of the world; it is a very complex issue that affects the community from an economic and a social perspective (Clapham). This paper will focus on how urbanization has played a role in the homeless population and homelessness in general; we will also look at the recent reports that homelessness is on a slight decline. We will propose ideas on what we can do to affect homelessness as well. Defining what exactly it is to be homeless and the difference between homelessness and homeless was very difficult to do as numerous sources gave very difference responses with categories and subcategories. National statistical series contain title to no information on the homeless; the census essentially only takes into consideration those with homes. Based on prior research primarily conducted by Peter H. Rossi and James D. Wright along with several other sources, we are able to propose several ideas to help reduce the amount of homelessness in the United States and other countries along with more empirical data. A lack of affordable housing has resulted in an inability to obtain adequate, appropriate, and affordable housing; urban renewal applied federal funds to remove blighted areas. Many people live from paycheck to paycheck just to put a roof over their head and are one paycheck away from having no place to live. Huge expanses of houses were removed. Simply put, the housing need has thus been anShow MoreRelatedHomelessness in Long Island, New York Essay2339 Words   |  10 Pagesam going to discuss is homelessness in Long Island. What is homelessness and who defines it? Homelessness is a person lacking adequate shelter or otherwise residing below the minimal standard of what is considered a safe dwelling. The federal definition of homeless is an individual who lacks a fixed, regular, or adequate nighttime residence (HUD, 2011). Homelessness is not just a problem in big cities like New York or Los Angeles, but rather it is a global epidemic affecting small towns and suburbsRead MoreHu man Rights And Social Justice1735 Words   |  7 Pages But for many, not having food and finding it is part of their everyday struggle (â€Å"30 Hour Famine Team,† 2011). Many around the world and in America, may not think that in the United States alone there were 15.3 million children who lived in food-insecure households in 2014 (â€Å"Feeding America,† 2016). This makes the job of social workers difficult because it is very devastating to watch children go hungry. In our group presentation, the main topic we chose that relates to human rights and social justiceRead MoreAnalysis Of Mississippi Goddam By Nina Simone And Dear Mr. President Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesloud, fast vocal piece with a very upbeat musical background. To which Nina Simone states in the lyrics herself, this, is a show tune, but the show hasn t been written for it yet. Dear Mr. President , on the other hand, is a slow paced and soft-spoken song. Both artists, however, wrote their own pieces and brought about awareness of inequality and the lies that were hiding behind our nation, the United States, through their lyrics. Nina Simone performed Mississippi Goddam live are NewRead MoreFood Insecurity Prevalence Is Affected By Many Aspects Of Our Society1949 Words   |  8 Pagespossible. Those 18 hours have initiated a process of questioning (inwardly and externally) the inequality regimes inherent in our society that are directly affecting hunger within our borders. My time volunteering at the Jewish Family Services and from previous experience with a community gleaning project from high school, I have been able to identify major components that decrease food access, food utilization, and food accessibility, yet increase levels of hunger and command the health of not only themRead MoreGlobal Climate Change And The Link2869 Words   |  12 Pages GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CONNECTION TO NATURAL DISASTERS INTRODUCTION Global climate change is an issue that is taking part in an increasing number of conversations worldwide. Many concerns have risen due to climate change, with one of those concerns being the negative effect climate change has on natural disasters and health. â€Å"Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increaseRead MoreMy Visit to an Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting2384 Words   |  10 Pagessearching their moral inventory of self. This is an effort to discover their liabilities, due to misguided concepts which can cause feelings of guilt, blaming of others or grandiosity. The willingness to positively take inventory of their life brings insight, self awareness and confidence. Step five is being able to admit wrongs to God, self and others. This step can be difficult for members but is a necessity to sobriety and having peace of mind. Without admission of wrongs m any members will not be ableRead MoreNavigating Our Mental Health Problem5632 Words   |  23 Pages Navigating Our Mental Health Problem Wesley W. Austin HCA 450A Warner Pacific College June 18, 2015 Abstract The object of this paper is to shed light on the seriousness of mental illness and it is statistically affecting the United States. The history of how the mentally ill have been treated in this country will be discussed, followed by how we got to our current situation with a lack of treatment and an epidemic of mentally ill homeless people as well as, how the police are trained,Read MoreStreet Children5347 Words   |  22 Pagesfrom care, and can obtain food, clothes and education. For these people, the most difficult thing is to make themselves relied on by children. Street children are apt to be suspicious of others. The most important things are to give them affection ungrudgingly and to make them learn how to communicate with others. These are things that children could not learn from their families. Different countries describe street children in different ways. In the Philippines, three general categories have beenRead MoreBric: Culture, Values, and Business Ethics4550 Words   |  19 Pagesthe fifth largest country geographically and by population with a population of 190,732,694 according to the 2010 Census. It is known as one of the world’s fastest growing economies and is part of the United Nations, the G20, BRIC, and groups. Brazil is known for their economy having a growth rate during the world recession in 2008 (Vernengo, 2010). Brazil’s land use is 87% forest/woodland and meadows/pastures and has a climate which is known to be mostly tropical since they have the Amazon. Iron,Read MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 Pagesdocument-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included document. The suggestions certainly do not exhaust the possibilities; students, no doubt, will create other valid and persuasive organizational patterns and document applications. Here, the documents are discussed in order to facilitate easy teacher reference. Students, of course, must link documents to their individual essay structures; they should not

Different Subcultures free essay sample

Usefulness could be a person, source or methodology that provides own knowledge on a specific research question. Interview A bias in this methodology is of someone that has limited experience or information with Pokemoon. Usefulness in this methodology is of somebody own personal experience or knowledge in the area of Pokemoon. Interview Name: Attained Gaston Age: 1 6 What is Pokemoon? An anima that was then turned into a game where you are able to catch animal-like creatures and have them battle for you or if youre not into the battle scene, have them as your companions.What made you start liking Pokemoon in the first place? My friend who let me play her Ruby version on her game boy. My mum then bought my first game for Christmas and my obsession grew from there. What is your favorite Pokemoon game? Emerald Version If you could be any Pokemoon, what would you be? Chaired Is Pokemoon gender orientated? Course not Questionnaire What is your favorite Pokemoon type? Dragon and Fire types are very close on this one but would have to say that Fire type wins on this one :) What is your favorite starter Pokemoon?Chaired Why do you like Pokemoon? l like the concept of choosing your Pokemoon and raising them however you want. Its fun, even though its aimed for younger kids, think anyone can enjoy it and I just wish Pokemoon was real ha but this is the closest Ill get What is your favorite Pokemoon game? Emerald Version Do you play or have ever played Pokemoon World Online? (POP) Yeah What do you think or feel when you hear the word Pokemoon? l actually get excited Is that bad? Ha Do you have or collect any Pokemoon merchandise? L have 2 game boy games, some figurines, a charmed inside and probably some other stuff lying around. .. So yes What do you like/ love about Pokemoon? The concept of having my own and being able to train them and look after them however I want. Plus all the different types aha.. What do you dislike/hate about Pokemoon? Its not real Ha If you could be any Pokemoon, what would you be? Chaired. . It will always shall be chaired Who is your Pokemoon hero? Ash Ketchum, because; Misty a whiny pitch. Brooks a man where. All the gym leaders are up themselves. Proof Oak did nothing. Agars an ass So yeah.. Ash is my hero :) artificial Observation Through my own personal experience with Pokemoon, I have discovered that Pokemoon is a media franchise that is published and owned by a Japanese video game company called Nintendo. Created by Stators Ataxia in 1996, it was originally released as a pair of interlink-able game boy role- playing video games developed by Game Freak. Pokemoon has since become the second-most successful video game-based media franchise in the world, behind Mario. Pokemoon properties have since been merchandised into anima, magna, trading cards, toys, books, and other media.The name Pokemoon is the Romanizes contraction of the Japanese brand Pocket Monsters (FYI 5 -? ) Pokemoon are creatures that inhabit a fictional world. Instead of a world being named a place as you know it, there is instead Regions that make up the world. Boys and girls that reach the age of ten have the opportunity to become Pokemoon trainers, and are given a choice of 3 Pokemoon that are called Starter Pokemoon to choose from. These Pokemoon trainers then have several choices to choose from once they have started their journey. Some become Pokemoon trainers, who catchPokemoon to expand their collection and also make their Pokemoon fight to gain more experience. They will also challenge eight gym leaders to try to win a badge off each of them to compete at the Pokemoon League. Others become Pokemoon breeders, who would rather keep them as companions and breed them. Some keep Pokemoon to help them at work or to help around the house. The possibilities are endless. My personal thoughts on Pokemoon are that it is a very interesting and unique concept to subcultures, who literally drive themselves crazy over it. Although the target audience is for a younger enervation, it is clarified that Pokemoon is loved by any aged audience because frankly, I love it myself. Some personal feelings that I experienced was playing Pokemoon on my game boy for the first time ever. I was four years old and had no idea what was doing, but found it fun nevertheless with the mythical, fictional creatures battling each other. My personal favorite Pokemoon would have to be indeed, the famous fire-breathing, dragon-like Pokemoon named Chaired.The pure essence Of coolness drips Off Chaired and through all 694 poke currently discovered, it is my favorite along with many other people it would seem. Us Mary What makes a subculture? A subculture is a group of people with unifying behaviors and beliefs that differentiate them from the main culture. It seems to me that in the 21st century, everyone is involved in a subculture of some kind which differentiates them from the larger mainstream cultural group. How is identity shaped and expressed? Identity is sharing a sense of affiliation with group insiders, by giving feelings of distinction from outsiders.This is creating a different perspective from those outside the group. An example of this could be a genre of music that someone enjoys and finds interest with other people who also enjoy that genre, but frowned upon by people who dislike that genre of music. Explain the difference between personal and social identity in a subculture. Social identity is a mid-range theory of group membership, self-conception, and group behavior that attributes a casual role to collective self-conception. We each experience this every day in our so called groups. Examples of these groups could be categorized into; cultural, family and peer.

Othello free essay sample

His well spoken dialect which reflects that he is of higher class is illustrated in the quote â€Å"Most potent, grave and reverend signors, my noble and approv’d good masters†. It can be said that Othello is deemed to be an honourable character. Iago however is quite the very opposite of Othello. He is introduced to be manipulative and evil from the start of the play. Only the audience is informed of his machinations, through soliloquies, just in case that the audience falls prey to Iago’s machinations as well. The fact that every character, ironically names him as â€Å"Honest Iago† reflects that Iago’s successful manipulation of every character. His machinations seem to have no driving motive behind and it seems that Iago’s manipulation and chaos is only for the mere sake of his amusement and for the sake of chaos, a true aspect of a devil. This is reflected in the quote where Othello tells Iago at the end of the play, â€Å"If that thou be’st a devil, then I cannot kill thee†. i. 117-118) that he is described as by the general population; he becomes a villain whom everyone assumed he is. However, one can question whether he is the true villain or not? He was under heavy influence from Iago, and hence one may also question to what extent is Othello the villain in this case? Othello is considered a villain in this case because he killed an innocent women; however if we look at it from his point of view, then it can be considered that what he did was due to his over affection for her, and also due to him being misled by Iago. Othello, in this case, cannot be considered to be a villain, but rather a manipulated tool. One may also argue that Othello’s resultant actions were over the top, and unnecessary. However, is it right to justify Othello as a villain based on actions he did due to the manipulating of Iago? One can see the love which Othello displayed to Desdemona; through his speech â€Å"If heaven would make me such another world/of one entire and perfect chrysolite/I’d not have sold her for it† (V. ii. 145-147). All the more, because he loved her so, he was an easy target to be manipulated by Iago. Therefore, one can only consider Othello a villain to the extent that he was a mere pawn, used by Iago. One can also allude that Othello was a tragic hero, because he did what he thought was correct, or what he thought was necessary; but by doing so, he in turn lost his loved one. Jealousy is indeed â€Å"the green-eyed monster† (III. iii. 166) which destroyed Othello. Secondly, in the theme of manhood and honour, Othello can be portrayed as a hero. His military reputation won him Desdemona’s love, and earned him the trust which the Venetian government placed upon him. Othello is a hero within the army, his military exploits were renowned, and through that, general population was able to overlook the fact that he is a moor. Cassio’s line â€Å"Reputation, reputation, reputation! / O, I have lost the immortal part of myself/and what remains is bestial† (II. iii. 51-253) suggest that honour and reputation played an important role in the play. The importance of reputation is also illustrated through Iago’s line â€Å"But he who filches from me my good name/robs me of that which not enriches him/and makes me poor indeed† (III. iii. 159-161) Even in his dying hours, Othello did not want to relinquish his reputation, utterin g the words â€Å"I have done the state some service, and they know’t† (V. ii. 339) This shows that Othello wants to die as a hero, a renowned soldier, as oppose to a failed general who murdered his wife. This case illustrates Othello as a tragic hero yet again. Othello had every right to live and die as a renowned general, as oppose to a â€Å"circumcised dog† (V. ii. 355) Othello was a hero, unfortunately he was mislead by Iago. Lastly, the theme of self identity showed Othello as either a hero or a villain. Othello was portrayed as a soldier and general right from the start of the play, when he was sent to Cyprus. However, as the play unfolds, it can be seen that Othello began to get his military life mixed up with his love life. As Othello tries to desperately cling on to his soldier part of himself, his husband side, his love side, has crumpled. At the start of the play, Othello had the security of his identity as a renowned soldier. However as the play wore on, when the war ended, and his soldier-self was not needed, he needed to find the same security in his love life; and he thought he had it. However, when his love life collapsed, he still searched for that security in his military life; as can be seen through his speech: â€Å"Farewell the plum’d troops and the big wars That make ambition virtue! O, farewell, Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump, The spirit-stirring drum, th’ear piercing fife, The royal banner, and all quality, Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war. † (III. iii. 353–359) Othello is a hero from the point of view of his soldier side. His military exploits has earned him an identity, a reputation within the army. However, if one view him from the point of view of a loving husband, his identity got crushed by Iago; the person whom Othello thought he was got taken away, and what was left was a villain, seeking vengeance. However, in his final speech, Othello appear to have found his identity. He made references to â€Å"Arabian trees†, â€Å"Aleppo†, â€Å"malignant and a turbaned Turk† (V. ii. 51-353), reminding him that he was once a renowned general, and also that these feats helped him to win over Desdemona. Othello appeared to have regained his dignity, and hence our respect for him, and he died a hero’s death, reminding us that he has â€Å"done the state some service† (V. ii. 339). Thus through Othello finding his identity, one can s ee that Othello’s changes through out the play. In conclusion, one can see that in different parts of the play, Othello can be portrayed as either a hero or a villain, based on the themes of jealousy, honour and reputation, as well as the search for identity.

A History of the Palace of Versailles, the Jewel of the Sun King

A History of the Palace of Versailles, the Jewel of the Sun King Beginning as a humble hunting lodge, the Palace of Versailles grew to encompass the permanent residence of the French monarchy and the seat of political power in France. The royal family was forcibly removed from the palace at the onset of the French Revolution, though subsequent political leaders, including Napoleon and the Bourbon kings, spent time in the palace before it was transformed into a public museum.   Key Takeaways The Palace of Versailles was originally constructed in 1624 as a simple, two-story hunting lodge. King Louis XIV, the Sun King, spent nearly 50 years expanding the palace, and in1682, he moved both the royal residence and French seat of government to Versailles. The French central government remained in Versailles until the beginning of the French Revolution, when Marie-Antoinette and King Louis XVI were forced from the estate. In 1837, the estate was refurbished and inaugurated as a museum. Today, more than 10 million people visit the Palace of Versailles annually.   Though the main function of the contemporary Palace of Versailles is as a museum, it also plays host to important political and social events throughout the year, including presidential addresses, state dinners, and concerts.   A Royal Hunting Lodge (1624 -1643) In 1624, King Louis XIII ordered the construction of a simple, two-story hunting lodge in dense woodlands about 12 miles outside of Paris. By 1634, the simple lodge had been replaced by a more regal stone and brick chateau, though it still maintained its purpose as a hunting lodge until King Louis XIV took the throne. Versailles and the Sun King (1643-1715) Louis XIII died in 1643, leaving the monarchy in the hands of the four-year-old Louis XIV. When he came of age, Louis began work on the family hunting lodge, ordered the addition of kitchens, stables, gardens, and residential apartments. By 1677, Louis XIV had begun to lay the foundation for a more permanent move, and in 1682, he transferred both the royal residence and the French government to Versailles. King Louis XIV, pictured here arriving at Versailles, commissioned most of the expansion on Versailles during his 72-year reign. adoc-photos / Getty Images  Ã‚   By removing government from Paris, Louis XIV solidified his omnipotent power as a monarch. From this point forward, all gatherings of nobility, courtiers, and government officials happened under the watchful eye of the Sun King in his Palace of Versailles. King Louis XIV’s 72-year reign, the longest of any European monarch, afforded him the ability to spend more than 50 years adding to and renovating the chateau at Versailles, where he died at the age of 76. Below are the elements of the Palace of Versailles that were added during the reign of King Louis XIV. The King’s Apartments (1701) Built as the private residence for the king within the Palace of Versailles, the kings apartments featured gold and marble detailing as well as Greek and Roman artwork intended to represent the king’s divinity. In 1701, King Louis XIV moved his bedchamber to the centermost point of the royal apartments, making his room the focal point of the palace. He died in this room in 1715. King Louis XIV moved his bedchamber, making it the focal point of the palace both inside and out. Pictured here is the outside of the king’s bedchamber, flanked by two wings of the Palace of Versailles. Jacques Morell / Getty Images   The Queen’s Apartments (1682) The first queen to reside in these apartments was Maria Theresa, wife of King Louis XIV, but she died in 1683 soon after arriving in Versailles. The apartments were later dramatically altered first by King Louis XIV, who annexed several rooms in the palace to create his royal bedchamber, and later by Marie-Antoinette. The Hall of Mirrors (1684) The Hall of Mirrors is the central gallery of the Palace of Versailles, named for 17 ornate arches fitted with 21 mirrors each. These mirrors reflect the 17 arched windows that look out onto the dramatic gardens of Versailles. The Hall of Mirrors represents the enormous wealth of the French monarchy, as mirrors were among the most expensive belongings during the 17th century. The hall was originally constructed of two lateral enclosed wings, linked by an open-air terrace, in the style of an Italian baroque villa. However, the temperamental French climate made the terrace impractical, so it was swiftly replaced by the enclosed Hall of Mirrors. The Hall of Mirrors, Versailles.   Jacques Morell / Getty Images The Royal Stables (1682) The royal stables are two symmetrical structures built directly across from the palace, indicating the importance of horses at the time. The great stables housed the horses used by the king, the royal family, and the military, while the small stables housed coach horses and the coaches themselves. The Grand and Small Stables, named for purpose rather than size, are visible on the left and right sides of this illustration.   Hulton Deutsch / Getty Images   The King’s State Apartments (1682) The King’s State Apartments were rooms used for ceremonial purposes and social gatherings. Though they were all built in the Italian baroque style, each bears the name of a different Greek god or goddess: Hercules, Venus, Diana, Mars, Mercury, and Apollo. The only exception is the Hall of Plenty, where visitors could find refreshments. The final room to be added to these apartments, the Hercules Room, served as a religious chapel until 1710, when the Royal Chapel was added.   The Royal Chapel (1710) The final structure of the Palace of Versailles commissioned by Louis XIV was the Royal Chapel. Biblical illustrations and statues line the walls, drawing the worshipers’ eyes toward the altar, which features a relief depicting the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Biblical illustrations and statues line the walls of the chapel, guiding worshipers’ eyes to the altar.   Print Collector/ Getty Images   The Grand Trianon (1687) The Grand Trianon was built as a summer residence where the royal family could take refuge from the ever-expanding court at Versailles. The Grand Trianon is only a single story to emphasize the connection with the gardens.   Hans Wild / Getty Images   The Gardens of Versailles (1661) The Gardens of Versailles include a promenade that faces east to west, following the path of the sun in honor of the Sun King. A network of paths open to pavilions, fountains, statues, and an orangery. Because the expansive gardens could be overwhelming, Louis XIV would often lead tours of the area, showing courtiers and friends where to stop and what to admire. The gardens of Versailles encompass nearly 2,000 acres and feature fountains, pavilions, statues, and an orangery.   Imagno / Getty Images   Continued Construction and Governance in Versailles After King Louis XIV’s death in 1715, the seat of government in Versailles was abandoned in favor of Paris, though King Louis XV reestablished it in the 1720s. Versailles remained the center of government until the French Revolution.   View of the Chateau of Versailles seen from the Place d’armes in 1722† by Pierre-Denis Martin. Adoc-photos / Getty Images  Ã‚   Louis XV (1715-1774) King Louis XV, great-grandson of Louis XIV, assumed the French throne at the age of five. Known as commonly as Louis the Beloved, the king was a strong proponent of Enlightenment ideas, including science and the arts. The additions he made to the Palace of Versailles reflect these interests.    The King’s and Queen’s Private Apartments (1738) Allowing for more privacy and comfort, the King’s and Queen’s Private Apartments were truncated versions of the original royal apartments, featuring low ceilings and undecorated walls. The Royal Opera (1770) The Royal Opera is constructed in an ovular shape, ensuring that all in attendance can see the stage. Additionally, the wooden structure gives the acoustics a soft but clearly audible violin-like sound. The Royal Opera is the largest surviving court opera house. The wooden elements in the Royal Opera give the acoustics a violin-like sound.   Paul Almasy / Getty Images   Petite Trianon (1768) Petite trianon was commissioned by Louis XV for his mistress, Madame de Pompadour, who did not live to see it completed. It was later gifted by Louis XVI to Marie-Antoinette.  Ã‚   The Petite Trianon, gifted to Marie-Antoinette by Louis XVI. Hans Wild / Getty Images   Louis XVI (1774-1789) Louis XVI ascended to the throne after the death of his grandfather in 1774, though the new king had little interest in governance. Patronage to Versailles by courtiers dropped off quickly, fueling the flames of the budding revolution. In 1789, Marie-Antoinette was in the Petite Trianon when she learned of the mob storming Versailles. Both Marie-Antoinette and King Louis XVI were removed from Versailles and guillotined in the subsequent years. Marie-Antoinette altered the appearance of the queen’s apartments several times during her reign. Most notably, she ordered the construction of a rustic village, The Hamlet of Versailles, complete with a functioning farm and Norman-style cottages. Marie-Antoinette’s Hamlet featured Norman-style cottages, including one for her exclusive use.   Heritage Images / Getty Images Versailles During and After the French Revolution (1789 -1870) After King Louis XVI was guillotined, the Palace of Versailles was forgotten for almost a decade. Most of the furniture was either stolen or sold at auction, though many of the paintings were preserved and brought to the Louvre. In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte was coronated as the first emperor of France, and he immediately began the process of moving the government back to Versailles. His time at Versailles was short, however. After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Napoleon was removed from power. After Napoleon, Versailles was relatively forgotten. It wasn’t until the Revolution of 1830 and the July Monarchy that Versailles received significant attention. Louis-Philippe commissioned the creation of a museum at Versailles to unite the people of France. On his order, the prince’s apartments were destroyed, replaced by portrait galleries. Below are the additions made by Louis-Philippe to the Palace of Versailles. The Gallery of Great Battles (1837) A portrait gallery made from the demolition of some of the royal apartments, the Gallery of Great Battles features 30 paintings that depict centuries of military success in France, beginning with Clovis and ending with Napoleon. It is considered to be the most important addition by Louis-Philippe to the Palace of Versailles. The Gallery of Great Battles documents France’s military success from Clovis to Napoleon.   Archive Photos/ Getty Images   The Crusades Rooms (1837) The Crusades Rooms were created with the sole intention of appeasing the nobility of France. Paintings depicting France’s involvement in the Crusades, including the arrival of troops in Constantinople, hang from the walls, and the entrance is marked by the Rhodes Door, a 16th century cedar gift from Sultan Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire. The Coronation Room (1833) The famous painting â€Å"The Coronation of Napoleon,† which hangs in the Louvre, inspired the Coronation Room. Napoleon never spent much time at Versailles, but much of the museum is dedicated to Napoleonic art, owing to Louis-Philippe’s nostalgia for the Napoleonic era.    The Congress Chamber (1876) The Congress Chamber was constructed to house the new National Assembly and Congress, a reminder of the governmental power once held at Versailles. In a contemporary context, it is used for addresses by the president and to adopt amendments to the constitution. Yves Forestier / Getty Images  Ã‚   Contemporary Versailles   Renovations in the 20th century by Pierre de Nolhac and Gerald Van der Kemp sought to revive the estate. They dismantled many of the galleries established by Louis-Philippe, rebuilding the royal apartments in their place, and used historical records to design and decorate the estate in the styles of the monarchs who had once resided there. As one of the most frequented attractions in the world, millions of tourists come to the Palace of Versailles annually to see the 120 galleries, 120 residential rooms, and nearly 2,000 acres of gardens. Over the centuries, much of the art and furniture that was stolen or auctioned off has been returned to the palace. Versailles today is used to house symbolic meetings of Congress, state dinners, concerts, and other political and social gatherings.   Sources   Berger, Robert W.  Versailles: The Chateau of Louis XIV. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985.Cronin, Vincent.  Louis XIV. The Harvill Press, 1990.Frey, Linda, and Marsha Frey.  The French Revolution. Greenwood Press, 2004.Kemp Gerald van der., and Daniel Meyer.  Versailles: Strolling through the Royal Estate. Editions DArt Lys, 1990.Kisluk-Grosheide, Danielle O., and Bertrand Rondot.  Visitors to Versailles: from Louis XIV to the French Revolution. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.Lewis, Paul. â€Å"Gerald Van Der Kemp, 89, Versailles Restorer.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 15 Jan. 2002.Mitford, Nancy.  The Sun King: Louis XIV at Versailles. New York Review Books, 2012.â€Å"The Estate.†Ã‚  Palace of Versailles, Chateau De Versailles, 21 Sept. 2018.  The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2015.

The Secret of Quiche Maya Essays

The Secret of Quiche Maya Essays The Secret of Quiche Maya Essay The Secret of Quiche Maya Essay When creation begins, according to Popol Vuh, there is nothing but the sky and the darkness. The face of the earth is not yet formed and the seas cover the surface. The Gods are the only ones who exist at this point in time. â€Å"Whatever might be is simply not there: only murmurs, ripples, in the dark, in the night.† (Tedlock 72) This shows the emptiness of the universe and the need for creation by the Gods.In the first decision about creation there are many aspects of the Gods present. Three of these, Thunderbolt Hurricane, Newborn Thunderbolt and Raw Thunderbolt are aspects of one God, Heart of Sky. Plumed Snake consisted of many entities: the Bearers, Begetters, Sovereign Plumed Snake, the Maker and the Modeler, all of which were the water. â€Å"So there were three of them, as Heart of Sky who came to Sovereign Plumed Serpent, when the dawn of life was conceived†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tedlock 73) So Heart of Sky along with Sovereign Plumed Serpent discus ses the creation about to unfold and how they should go about it. They discuss the options and rules for creation before they begin. The Gods here represent the sky and the ultimate creator.When the Mayans go to create the world they begin by speaking the word â€Å"Earth†. When they do this, the seas begin to recede and the mountains rise above the sea. Trees begin to grow on the mountainsides. â€Å"Now they planned the animals of the mountains, all the guardians of the forests, and creatures of the mountains: the deer, birds, pumas, jaguars, serpents, rattlesnakes, yellowbites, and guardians of the bushes†¦when this deed had been done, all of them had received a place to sleep and a place to stay.† (Tedlock 76, 77)The motive for creating humans was to have someone to speak the names of the Gods and praise their works. They wanted to be â€Å"†¦invoked and remembered on the face of the Earth.† (Tedlock 79) The animals they had created could not speak and so could not sing their praises. Another motive was that someone was needed for the â€Å"time of planting and the dawn†¦So now let us try to make a giver of praise, giver of respect, provider, and nurturer.† (Tedlock 79)The early humans were created out of earth and mud. They crumbled easily, could not turn their heads and spoke nonsense at first then not at all. They dissolved in water and had no mind of their own. The Gods dissolved them and started over. The next humans were made of wood and were humans in looks and speech. They multiplied with daughters and sons but, â€Å"There was nothing in their hearts and nothing in their minds, no memory of their mason and builder. They just went and walked wherever they wanted. The Gods were angry about this and destroyed them with a mighty flood.† (Tedlock 84)The Popol Vuh is a representation of the Mayan culture and beliefs. This manifests that they are polytheistic in nature, where they believe in many gods, an d that these gods were the ones that created them. According to the Popol Vuh, Mayans see destruction as a way of life, since it leads to the creation of new things. In the Popol Vuh, it can be seen that in order to come up with the â€Å"perfect human creation,† the gods underwent several destruction procedures at the times where their creations have gone wrong. The Mayan concept of creation was like other concept of creation of other cultures, where there was nothingness at first, only the gods exist. And out of their boredom, they decided to create living creatures, something that would keep them company, creatures that would acknowledge their power.The Popol Vuh was able to serve two major purposes. The first one was before the year 1550 when it was written for the first time in a European language and therefore made available to the world. Thus, before 1550 it was a communication device that gave information and of course was used to entertain the native Indians when the re was a gathering. More than that, it gave the natives of Central America a sense of identity. This then translates to unity, a backbone for nation building. It can be said that the magnificent Mayan civilization would not have been possible without having the social glue that holds people together and organize them into their social ranks. The myth contained in Popol Vuh allowed them to accept why things are the way they are. This also gave them a thing to look forward to since the Popol Vuh includes in its multiple books the exploits of their past leaders. This can serve as a motivational force for the present leadership of that time to do good for they are assured of immortality when historical accounts are handed down from generation to generation.The second major purpose of the Popol Vuh is the rich information it provides for the people in the modern age. Specifically, it will surely help in peeling away the layers of the enigma that shrouds the sudden and total collapse of t he Mayan civilization. By unlocking it by way of translation, the world is now privileged to look deeper and far into the ancient world of the Mayans. Ditchburn was able to trace back the connection between the Popol Vuh and that great Mayan civilization and he wrote, â€Å"In the sixteenth century, the territory immediately to the south of Mexico, which is now the Republic of Guatemala, was inhabited by various independent nations which were descended from the ancient Maya†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2003). So whoever was the original author of the Popol Vuh manuscript was able to record what happened during the last days of the Mayan civilization. It is now up to the anthropologist to look at the evidence and offer some clue to finally solve the mystery. To give a clear perspective of why this is so important, Arthur Demarest put it succinctly, â€Å"The rise of civilization in a rainforest was baffling [†¦] The rain forest setting of the Maya continues to challenge our interpretations a nd understanding of this environment (2004).The Popol Vuh may have been created as a form of resistance to the Spanish, since at that time, Spanish invaders came and seized their lands. If you look closely at the text where the Mayan gods destroy the men they created because they weren’t doing what they wanted, it could be associated with how the invaders do things. They force the Mayans to do things, and when the Mayans resisted, they get harmed, and worse, they get killed.The myth and saga found in the multiple books of Popol Vuh helps to see the ancient world in a different light. Together with the majestic temples and public structures built by the Mayans and the pieces of history found in the Popol Vuh it does not cease to amaze any serious student of history the capabilities of ancient peoples. This in turn inspires future anthropologist and archaeologist to not only continue digging but also to continue looking for lost treasures not only in terms of objects but also l iterary works such as the Popol Vuh.

The process of consolidation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The process of consolidation - Lab Report Example The hydrostatic pressure therein becomes gradually dissipated thereby shifting the load to the soil solid thereby triggering a decrease in volume of the soil mass. It is worth noting that the rate at which water escapes is dependent on the permeability the of the soil in question. In which case, the escape of the pore water as the result of longtime static load makes up consolidation.  Consolidation test is usually carried engineers in the design of engineered structures and performance evaluation of a structure. Consolidation test yield results which are useful in estimating the magnitude of primary and secondary consolidation settlement of a given structure. Apparatus  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 1 bench, 3 sample cells of soil,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 3 dial gauges which can be either analog or digital,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 1 weight set. The soil sample was cut from a big soil block using a rigid confining ring with a sharp edge. Excess soil from the process was sliced away to leave a sample with a diameter to height r atio of at least three. Porous stones were placed on the top and bottom of the soil sample in order to give way for drainage. A stiff loading cap was placed on top of the upper porous stone followed by placing the set up on in a loading frame.   The load was imposed on the frame by positioning different weights on the loading frame. Measurement of soil sample compression over time was recorded by looking at the dial indicator. The deflection value data was used to measure the point at which the soil sample reached the primary consolidation end.